The Concept of Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Concept of patronage Strategy - Essay ExampleThe arrangement of the five forces varies across different industries. For instance, in the commercial air passage industry, stiff competition exists between Boeing and Airbus, the great power of suppliers, threat of entry and the threat of substitutes are weak man the power of suppliers is strong. In the movie theatre sector, the increase of entertainment and the influence of distributors and movie producers and inputs are significant. The basic component in the tool refers to supplier power and refers to the ease of suppliers to lead to changes in prices. This is influenced by the recite of suppliers in at each point of production, the cost of switching between suppliers, the power they have oer companies and the uniqueness of the product or service. The less the supplier options that are present in an industry, the more power the consumers have. The second aspect of the Porter Five-tool is buyer power and it relates to how eas y it is for consumers to lead to a reduction in prices. This is influenced by the number of buyers, the cost of their decision to switch to other products and services and the value of each node to the organization. Companies that deal with a relative number of powerful buyers, they have a huge impact on them.The third aspect is competitive rivalry and this relates to the number and ability of the competitors. If a company has a mettlesome number of competitors that offer better products and services then, the company has minimal power over the situation.

Social marketing role on smoking issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social marketing role on dope issue - Essay ExampleThe constitution then moves on to the marketing environment and consumer orientation. In order to develop a better grounds of how companionable marketing can influence the friendly issue a discussion on dope and social marketing is given which c all overs a number of factors associated with it. In the end conclusion and recommendations are given. still though the awareness about the ill-effects of smoking has significantly increased over the years, it rebrinys a social problem today effecting millions of pile worldwide. For instance, the number of smokers in the UK has dropped by 50 per cent since the 1950s, still smoking caused around 1.2 million deaths in European region alone in 2000 (Bonas 2005). Many diseases have been associated with smoking, such as low birth weight, high death rate, cancer, heart attacks, stroke, etc. Smoking not entirely has a negative impact on the health of the smoker, but it also has adverse effe cts on the people who live around the smoker and the society as a whole, making it a social problem. The problem of smoking is not confined to one particular region but spread over the whole world, especially among the youngsters. According to a study conducted by Schaefer (1979), old smokers who quit are forever replaced by smokers that originate in the younger generation. Moreover, status symbol was identified to be one of the main causes of smoking, i.e. smoking served as a status symbol which motivated the people to smoke (Schaefer 1979). Most of the people begin smoking during adolescence and the main motivation behind taking up smoking is said to be the frequent advertising of cigarette (Arnett 2001).Sandage defines social marketing as the design, implementation, and control of programs calculated to influence the acceptability of social ideas and involving considerations of product planning, pricing, communication, distribution, and marketing research (Sandage and Fryburger 1960,

Homevestors of America franchise profile Research Paper

Homevestors of America certification profile - Research Paper ExampleKenneth DAngelo created HomeVestors Company, with the main aim being to utilize franchised work as the route towards sustainable real estate business. Indeed, the franchising trading operations of the company began in 1996, where the companys initial venture involved the buying of worn out houses, repairing and selling them at a profit. On this note, the company embarks on buying houses of people who are moving due to job transfers, retirements or shifts and renovating the houses to be resold to potential buyers who may want to buy the houses. To date, the company has purchased more than 45000 homes in the United States since it began operations, and its high-ranking run will continue to boost its operations and create better avenues for franchising.One of the most profound benefits of franchising operations is the fact that the capital requirements are much lower when opening new departmental stores or branches . Indeed, a company seeking to expand its operations through franchising incurs fewer costs, as opposed to committing funds and mature new stalls (Campbell, and Lafili 93). On this note, the business creates independent owners who assume all the costs associated with operations, only go away fewer responsibilities to the parent company.Further, the parent company experiences increased rates of expansion, mainly due to the facts that the costs of much(prenominal) a venture are reduced. As opposed to commitment of huge amounts of cash in budgets as capital requirements to open up new businesses or branches, companies under franchise can reopen legion(predicate) times the number of stores or businesses with the same amount of capital, which may facilitate rapid expansion make up into the untapped markets in the industry.Looking at the disadvantages of such an idea to the parent company, it is evident that setting up branches in diverse geographical locations may require increased variation of products.

Space International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

length International - Essay Example amidst June 27 and July 5, 2014, Webmasters carried out a usability test on the publicly on hand(predicate) aloofness website in Mexico, at the main usability test lab at Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as well as the Webmasters offices. The sessions at Webmasters offices provided the required geographic range to the test crew of blank participants this similar test routine was used for all the participants.Between June 27 and July 5, 2014, Webmasters carried out a usability test on the publicly available Space website in Mexico, at the main usability test lab at Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as well as the Webmasters offices. The sessions at Webmasters offices provided the required geographic range to the test crew of Space participants this similar test procedure was used for all the participants.The functionality tests were majorly based on task cases obtained from Spaces past knowledge of the websites main purpose and relevant end-use r needs. Webmasters came up with each activity to survey end-users ability to easily maneuver around the interface and be able to understand the kinds of reading associated with each major areas of the site content.Basically, Webmasters conducted the usability test to avail answers to some of the following questions How well does the new Space website convey a sense of the type of content that users may expect whenever they explore the new Spaces internet sites? It is always essential to use modern technology by upgrading organization form to meet and satisfy user needs (NORLIN & WINTERS, 2001). Does the new Space website wide navigation and organization control effective and efficient access to the relevant content? How well do users get to understand the means of links, site instructions, and labels? What groups do end users create whenever clustering functions according to discerned similarity?

Teaching Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teaching Profession - Essay instanceTeachers are swayed to nurture attributes, skills and capacities in the young people that will enable them succeed and brandish in the knowledge society. The profession is bloated with many responsibilities stemming from imparting knowledge to students to modifying their personalities. Thus, the profession requires effective socialization, providing the necessary foundations for a responsible citizen, and providing emotional support. The first impression of teaching is formed in the student life when a teacher conducts their role responsibly. This creates a theory that teaching is a noble profession that caters for the academic, emotional or spiritual needs of the learners. Effective and efficient childhood interaction between teachers and young learners creates a supportive image of teaching as an industrious job. Students do not come into contact with the practical dilate and challenges associated with teaching thus, the worth of teaching i n a classroom context should not be weighed upon paid hassles and practical work. The incumbent first time teachers fail to realize that professional knowledge is no long supposeed as a constituent of explicit and fixed knowledge base. Sharpe (2004) posits that knowledge exists in use, and any advancements or modification is caused by run across. Therefore, when teachers use their knowledge, the mode of its delivery transforms the impact of its use among students. Discussion The reality between the impression of teaching and reality can be explained by the nature of having unfavorable returns or when the experience conforms to the initial impression. The transformation from student life to teacher status may lead into a disparate feeling that may make a first time teacher uncomfortable. This can be viewed as a negative stroke considering the earlier positive impression and willingness to indulge in the profession. Most students view the teaching profession as an uncomplicated and easy knowledge delivery task full of turmoil and fun. However, this notion is blown away once they become teachers and encounter the responsibilities required of them such as effectiveness, high-end confabulation skills, hard work, creativity and determination. Dalmau and Gudjonsdottir (2002) affirm this when they state the roles and obligations associated with teaching. They include acting as pedagogues and experts in teaching, reflective and decisive problem solvers, knowledge creators and theory builders as well as acting as research and change agents. Those who are not prepared for such commitments get disappointed once they get involved in the profession. Superiority and aggression was normally viewed as the effective measures necessary to instill discipline in students. This notion made most aspiring and first time teachers view this as a privilege associated with the profession. However, the current education systems do not support dictatorial authority but prefer popu larly-based authority. The school aura is characterized by negotiation and persuasion rather than confrontation. Most school rules are made by the friendship as a whole hence, they are student friendly with the teachers input organism reduced to that of nurturing and persuading. This requires commitment and dedication of a decided mind. Proponents of democratic school system argue that a school which follows fairly the democratically enacted laws is the one in which community discipline prevails and supports the development of the concept of law and order (Sharpe, 2004). Most learners may regard teaching with a high esteem. Such notion makes them expect recognition and uplifting of their status in the community once they adopt the

What do Investors Look for in a Business Plan Dos and Donts in a Thesis

What do Investors Look for in a Business Plan Dos and Donts in a Business Plan - Thesis ExampleThis analysis supports the entrepreneur in his decision on what to do next in the process of execution. Thus planning reveals whether it is justifiable to continue with the venture or abandon it. This makes line of merchandise plans bingle of the closely widely regarded aspects of pre- get-goup planning (Honig & Karlsson, 2004).The value of planning cannot be questioned be execute most investors wish to see a line of business plan first which helps them decided whether to invest or not (Mason & Stark, 2004). However, entrepreneurs, being young and inexperienced, are unable to define their businesses in line with the business plans. The poor business plans that they draw up do not reflect their business objectives. Because of the lack of knowledge and information the business plans do not reflect the mission, objectives, plan of action and financial projections in a manner to force inve stors. These challenges lead to greater issues and may even lead to abandoning of projects. They may realize that lack of planning is the cause but by this time they have ended burning up valuable resources such as time and money.A business plan defines how the venture is expected to operate in the current environment. A business plan is essential for both internal and external purposes. Entrepreneurs may have brilliant ideas to start a new venture. They may also have the resources to implement their ideas. However, unless the ideas and plans are compiled together it could soon set out confusing for the entrepreneurs as well. Planning is an opportunity evaluation and is important for an entrepreneur who is faced with the decision to gain the market. Therefore, a business plan is absolutely necessary to start a new venture, to attract investors and more than importantly, to make the entrepreneurs aware of what they expect to achieve from their business activities.Awe (2006) refers to the Webster definition of an entrepreneur and describes it as one who organizes, manages and assumes the risks of

Computer Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Computer knowledge - Essay ExampleThe methods for doing the same are described as below.Textual information give care a file or a document comprises of a collection of total, characters and special characters for example punctuation tag and symbols. A computer uses the following procedures for the conversion of Text to binary programDecimal fleshs are the bods whose base is 10 i.e. it uses ten digits (0 to 9) to interpret the values, while binary is the number system whose base is twain, it uses 0s and 1s to represent the numbers.Each binary bit has a location assigned to it. The zeroeth position is assigned to the least profound position on the right most side. The 0 or 1 at the respective position is then multiplied by the correspond power of two to obtain its decimal equivalent i.e. A digit at Kth position is multiplied by 2 (k-1). For exampleReal numbers whitethorn be put into binary scientific notation a x 2b .The number to the right of decimal part must be multipli ed by negative powers two of the corresponding position .The number to the left hand side must be multiplied by the substantiating powers of two. Mantissa and exponent are then stored .For exampleEach and every character, symbol or punctuation mark is mapped to a corresponding decimal number .For example letter K is mapped to number 75, the number is then en enactmentd by utilize ASCII cipher to a string of Binary numbers. ASCII stands for American Standard engrave for Information Interchange. It is an 8-bit code, which contains in all 128 characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation, symbols, and some non-printing characters such as the blank space).For example, the code for I am would be73 - 01001001 - code for I32 - 00100000 - code for space97 - 01100001 - code for a109 - 01101101 - code for m46 - 00101110 - code for periodREPRESENTATION OF IMAGE To store an prototype, like a photograph, in binary form, a computer superimposes a grid on that photograph. Each picture element or grid contains one dot of color. In order to store data for that pixel in memory the information about that pixels color must somehow be converted to a binary number. There are various ways to do this which serve to map a pixel to binary numbers. Different ways or methods associate different number of bits with each pixel. There are two main formats in which images are stored in the computer - bitmap (or raster) and vector. In vector representation, all components of the image are stored using mathematical formulas. In a bitmap image, the image is stored in memory by recording some piece of binary data corresponding to each pixel of the image. The number of bits utilise to store each pixel affects both the image quality and the amount of memory that will be needed to store the image. There are various scales for coding the colors, one being grayscale in which 1 represents black and 0 represents white. Each pixel in a grayscale image can be stored using 1 byte (8 bits).To represent colored images 16-color, 256 color, and RGB color (or true color) color codes are used. Each of the different code requires different

Legal and ethical issues in health occupations Term Paper

Legal and ethical issues in health occupations - Term Paper ExampleHealth and wellness form the basis of some(prenominal) society and that explains why health care matters are tending(p) to a greater extent weight including stringent legal and ethical structure. According to the text of study, various laws are applicable to catch quality service delivery by the health care professionals. Top in the list is the law of let which provides all the terms and conditions of a shrivel upual agreement between two or more parties. It excessively bears the corresponding remedies to breach of such contractual obligations by either or all the parties. Under this law, the health care providers are at liberty to charge the cheapest on their medical checkup supply to the healthcare facilities like hospitals, dispensaries and others with the uncreated aim of improving the health of the long-sufferings and this would not amount to antitrust by similar competitors. This is in strain with the code of ethics expected of healthcare professionals that requires that the lifesaving comes first at even no pay thusly other things follow. For instance, when a given health officer offers healthcare at any relatively cheaper cost, no entity can seek legal redress over this since it serves the purpose of service to humanity (Judson, Karen, Carlene and Karen 43). The law of contract also assumes that any healthcare provider is answerable to the state at any given date over his/her conduct immediately the permit to join practitioners is issued. Any breach of the contractual agreement by a healthcare professional is a big problem that is severely punishable owing to its concomitant with life which is invaluable. The legal concept of tort also affects the medical professionals at large and is forever and a day given a serious attention by the society to tame errant medical practitioners. This law deals with urbane wrongs that their remedy does not carry with them severe governmen t action on the defendant but is always solved by compensation to the plaintiff and other constitutionally defined remedies. In this case, negligence body one of the thorniest issues with the healthcare providers. In this scenario, the patient trusts the ability and care of the professional with his/health conditions (Reviews 58). This means that the medical staff needs to take all possible actions within their knowledge and ethics of work to manipulate safe administration of health care to the patient. For instance in a case where a patient has been diagnosed with a given infection, it expressly imply that the doctor is able to quote the appropriate prescription. In the lawsuit that an individual suffers from a wrong prescription by medical personnel, the aggrieved is allowed to seek legal redress and pick up compensation in the form of treatment costs or undertake another prescription from the healthcare professional. This goes hand in hand with the code of conduct within the ranks of healthcare sector which oblige any healthcare provider to act with utmost professionalism and care. Even within the healthcare sector exists criminal human face of the law which is punishable by jail, dismissal from the practitioning body and other punitive measures. As a healthcare prof

Turning around fortunes at Procter & Gamble Essay

number around fortunes at Procter & Gamble - Essay ExampleIn P&G company, much trouble is paid to the social dimension. The main responsibility of the leaders of the company is to build the working environment to accept and inspire diversity. P&G company is driven by the idea of creating the favorable surroundings where whole the employees would feel comfortable being themselves. The major aspects under focus are the equality in basis of access to information, and the equality on opportunities in terms of learning, developing and growing both professionally and personally. many training, learning and coaching programs are provided systematically and are aimed at enhancing work/life integration, personal productiveness and maintaining of the corporate culture. All the employees are monitored through surveys and culture sensing in order to determine the train of competence and commitment (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2014). Technological environmentP&Gs Global Medical system of rules advises and assists management and employees to assure a safe, healthy work environment. Global medical delivers preventive health service to all employees, at all sites. It manages health issues that may affect employees, technologies, and brands (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2014).For all the companies worldwide there are a lot of safety, health, and environmental regulations to be followed. Factories and plants are required to limit their emissions and fulfill all the regulations indoors a production process, discussed in law, permits and statutes

How ratio analysis provides a meaningful comparison of a company to Essay

How balance analysis provides a meaningful equality of a company to its industry, chief competitors, or to any other well run firm - rise ExampleThese techniques help to compare a companys performance with its chief competitors in like industry as well as monitor the companys progress over time. story ratios is an important tool for fiscal tale analysis. A ratio is defined as relation between two numbers expressed as fraction or as percentage. When such relationships are derived from the financial statements, they are called accounting ratios (Kim & Ayoun, 2005, p.2).Accounting ratios have immense application in interpretation of financial statements by helping perform both intra-firm and inter-firm comparison. Intra-firm comparison helps to stair the performance of the company on Y-O-Y basis plot of ground inter-firm comparison helps to esteem Companys performance with its competitors.Ratios can be broadly classified into income statement ratios (derived from income statemen t), balance sheet ratios (derived from balance sheet) and composite ratios (one item from balance sheet and another from income statement).They help to evaluate the firms ability to honor its short term or current obligations. It is an indicator for the measure of working capital management. The firms short term obligations include carrying out day to day operations, payments to creditors for purchase of warm materials, payment of daily wages of laborers, outstanding expenses and bills payables, etc. These current liabilities are financed by current assets (Bragg, 2012, p.73).It is the ratio of total massive-term debt to total asset. While a low ratio provides security to creditors a mettlesome ratio helps the management to trade on equity. Hence it is also called the leverage ratio (Drake, 2008, p.9).It is the ratio of long term debt to shareholders fund (Equity shares, retained earnings, preference shares, and fictitious assets). Form the investors point of view a

Applied Modelling and Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

employ Modelling and Data Analysis - Essay ExampleThe spirit of this project is in that locationfore to analyse the behavior of the sell price of a given company by finding the relationship between share price inflation and other key market determinants and variables such as market index and treasury bill interest rate. This means that share price of the company is the dependent variable for the study, while market index and Treasury bill interest rate are the independent variables for the study. The study is conducted with the approach of acting time series that checks for stationarity by applying the formal unit root tests of Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. To get a disclose understanding of the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables, the researcher will take a step further to estimate time series dynamics through the use of the GARCH family models. Because shares are traded with their derivatives, there is a common discussion in literatu re of the impact of the introduction of derivatives on volatility. Through the GARCH model, the burden of derivatives on the underlying market will also be determined.In pursuant to the achievement of the aim of the study discussed above, the researcher conducted a research that was based on both theoretical background and trial-and-error evidence. The theoretical background of the research was performed mainly by the use of a brief literature review, which forms the imprimatur component of the studys report. Under the literature review, the findings of major studies on stock price doings are critiqued by comparing different schools of thoughts against each other. This makes it possible to give the rationale behind various findings from literature. The third component of the study is the econometric methodology, where the researcher presented a detailed analysis of the methodology select for the study. Under this section, the market fraction hypothesis and how it was used to t est the stationarity of the

Proposal for Jamba Juice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal for Jamba juice - Essay ExampleAfter running the successful personal line of credit of only nutritious beverages that include, healthy smoothies, squeezed fruit juices and fresh blend of juices, teas and cof taps and oatmeal later, Jamba Juice adopted a new line of healthy items. These include baked items and fresh salads, wraps, and sandwiches and fruit yogurts. And, now Jamba Juice is motivate to open its new reposition at San Antonio International Airport.Jamba Juice Company actively whole caboodle for a nonprofit organization named Bay Area Leadership Foundation (BALF). As a guinea pig of fact, they chose Jamba Juice as a Corporate Citizen of the Year (Globenewswire, 2015).Jamba Juice Company is looking forward to essay its new restaurant at San Antonio International Airport as it has a capacity of dealing somewhatwhat eight million travelers in a year domestic and international (Aviation Department, 2014). Idea of expanding the business at a populous place that deals with non-stop public operations can be very effective vogue to conduct profitable operations. There are number of restaurants already present at San Antonio Airport, But Jamba Juice Company has a unique selling point of providing fresh and full of nourishment fruit blends.In order to start a new restaurant, the company needs to invest in major goods some of them are going to be their assets as they will last longer and need to spend in expenses like Deposit for buildings security. It remains as the major expense because legal fee registration and certification are legally advised company can restate its budget in marketing expense. Since the restaurant manage day to day fruit buying, transportation cost is going to be the highest among all the operating expenses.According to the table above, Jamba Juice Company has a potential to establish its store at its new location, San Antonio Airport, as the company is rising with the growth rate of 8% annually, and eligible to

DIVORCE AND CHILDREN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DIVORCE AND CHILDREN - Essay Example disjoin is already commonplace in the United States. This is the case across all relevant demographics regardless of the social class, age, religion and ethnic membership, divorce is prevalent. For example, recent estimates reveal that between 40 percent and 50 percent of recent first marriages are likely to end in divorce (Lamanna and Riedmann, 474). Statistics also paint a grim scenario. In 2009, the Census Bureau reported that the marriage rate in America is 7.5 marriages per deoxyguanosine monophosphate people and the divorce rate is 3.6 per 1000 people (Andersen and Taylor, p.326). The mellow incidence of divorce highlights the degree of impact on all parties winding as well as the society in general. Because the experience involved is recognized as painful and difficult. The adults the preserve and wife undergoing this process encounter tremendous stress and pressure. An honest on the subject explained that this is a commonality ac ross all divorcing partners. The story, wrote Antunes, often went like thisAfter months or sometimes years of discussions, hurtful arguments, destructive behavior, indifference, tears, betrayals, false hopes, starting over, forgiving, counseling, praying and doing everything we can think of in decree to fix our marriages, we arrived at the Crushing yet defining moment when we knew our relationships were over (ix).If the process is an ordeal for the husband and wife, one can only imagine the toll it will claim on their children. As render in the above account, divorce seemed like a battle and children are most assuredly caught in the crossfire. This is one of the most compelling reasons why divorce can be considered bad. It adversely affects the hapless children. indecent Effects on Children It is common sense to claim that there are only rare cases when children do not feel sad about their parents divorce. The fact is that they are often torn by counterpoint loyalties who should they side with in the conflict? In addition, feelings of fear, loss and anger are also common, along with desires for atonement (Andersen and Taylor, 327). The psychological impact of losing parents to this process is significant. In the short term, children experience feelings of confusion as well as the feeling of being betrayed as they helplessly witness how their family unravel and torn apart before their look (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 106). Also, as their parents tangle between themselves and embroiled in their own troubles, children are also in endangerment of being neglected. Because of these variables, childrens lives are negatively affected in the long term. For instance, a study revealed that 70 percent of children living with divorced parents had lower levels of well-being in comparison with children raised in built-in families (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 106). In addition, these children can also display violent and antisocial behaviors specially when the div orce is typified by high conflict. Poor performance in school and poor ad exactlyment skills are also accepted outcomes especially when research indicates that families on the verge of breakup have been found to be typified by less inner interparental and parent-child relationships, less parental commitment to childrens education, and fewer economic and human resources, resulting in more academic, psychological and behavioral problems (Goldstein, 197). So, all in all, the process for divorce is a crisis for children. This is critical because there are just numerous variables involved and that these tend to accumulate, leading to a much bigger problem, amplifying the estimated severity and pathology of psychological and activated disturbance, changing the childrens behavior and character in the process. It is important to note that children are created by society. Morton explained this item when he argued that children are assigned to social groups by lottery and that once they ar e in a group, they remain there for life. These arguments are aligned with the philosophical school

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW - Research Paper ExampleAlongside this outlet is the important consideration of the costs entailed in doing business in the Russian compact. Possible Legal Risks touch on There are several legal issues, some of which pull in ones horns the form of endangerments, involved when entering a foreign market. Legal issues involved laws that affect the conduct of a particular business in a particular place. Laws that will be involved in conducting a business in Russia will be, necessarily, Russian commercial laws, international trade laws and international sales transactions and regulations. The risk, however, in conducting a business in a foreign state can be categorised into the following effectiveness of the judiciary find out of law risk of contract repudiation corruption, and risk of expropriation.1 It is best to conduct business in a country that has a stable governmental condition and is known as business friendly. Although there is cease slightly ri sk, governmental risks of countries vary in degrees. Political risk is defined as risk of loss when investiture in a given country caused by changes in a countrys political structure or policies such as tax laws, tariffs, expropriation of as mickles or restriction in repatriation of assets.2 applicable to this discussion is the case of RosInvestCo UK Ltd v Russian Federation3 where a UK company has brought arbitration proceedings against the Russian Federation for invalid expropriation, which is contrary to the UK-Russian BIT. This case is thoroughly discussed on the UK-Russian BIT paragraph. In weighing the political stability of a country, its history might provide a good indicator of such a risk as countries with a history of stability and consistency are more likely to be less risky than those with opposing history.4 Unfortunately, Russia does not have a history of stability and consistency considering the number of political disarray it had in the past. The Best Form of Cor porate Entity to Take There are, at least, four slipway by which the Ultra-Educators Software Limited may engage in the business of selling chocolates in Russia. unmatched is by selling directly by establishing its own branch or subsidiary two, through and through retailers three, through an intermediary or distributor, and four, through a re bountyative or agent company.5 Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. In making decisions about this matter, the following must be considered the financial strength of Ultra-Educators its connections extent of its business commitments, and the present state of its personnel, equipment, and status.6 If the Company intends to sell directly, it must set up an entity in Russia that will directly take charge of the business of selling the chocolates that the Company will be exporting to that country. It can either set up a branch or a subsidiary. A branch is a part or division of a company whilst a subsidiary is a separate entity independent from the company. Thus, the liability of a branch is that also of the main company, but not that of the subsidiary because it is deemed separate from the company.7 Moreover, if the branch has taxes owing to it by virtue of the business it is conducting in the foreign state, the main company is liable for such taxes. This is not so in the case of the subsidiary.8

Differences between Private and Public Sexuality Research Paper

Differences between Private and Public raiseuality - Research composing ExampleSexuality incorporates ones human torso, thoughts, and soul. This paper respects sex wholesome and does not focus on the physical methods of sex intercourse but aims to discover the issue of sexuality in the angle of its usual and private aspects.To observe the issue, it is important to provide a clear definition of the sexuality, as it can be often confused. It is much wider than body and physical interaction yet they are strongly involved. It covers the points of gender realization and gender role to which sex a person refers him- or herself and a way he or she is expected to act according to it. Sexual orientation is, of course, important part of sexuality. Sexuality also concerns body image it can drastically change peoples lives and determine their self-esteem and pleasure gained from life. Sexuality covers aspects of sexual experiences, fantasies, ideas and so forth It defies the way our surrou nding friends, family, religion, society shape our sexual perceptions and convictions. Sexuality immerses through all areas of our lives it is seen through the movements, mimics, conversations etcetera It is connected with the way people feel love, compassion, intimacy, even sorrow (Sexuality Resource Center for Parents). Sex itself has undergone many changes it is no longer a sin neither it is a duty (Offit).A insistent point in sociologies, particularly in gender and sex studies, is whether sexuality is a public or private issue. Public angle of sexuality and its implications could be observed from different social, economic, legitimate, cultural and political viewpoints. there are many angles that set restrictions and laws that define the ways of acceptable behaviors. These views usually vary from one rustic and culture to another. Sexuality was always ambiguous there were private sex in the bedrooms in the boundaries of labor union and the same time there were prostitutio ns and

Compare and contrast the arbitration laws of two countries Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast the arbitrament honors of two countries EssayThe significant increase in the lineament of international trade in the economic development of nations over the last few decades has been accompanied by a considerable increase in the number of commercial disputes as well. Today rapid globalization of the economy and the resulting increase in competition has led to an increase in commercial disputes.At the equal sentence, however, the rate of industrial emersion, modernization, and improvement of socio-economic circumstances has, in many instances, outpaced the rate of growth of dispute dissolver mechanisms Keeping in mind the broader goal of exploring links between the quality of legal performance, this assignment is an go about to critically evaluate arbitration in India as a legal institution and to judge the growth and development of the same and to see the exact footing of India in the international front a co-occurrent comparison of the arbitral rig hteousnessfulnesss of regular army to that of India has also been made. In this assignment, the evolution of arbitration truth and practice in India has been explored.This assignment is divided into three parts Part 1 explores the evolution of Arbitral laws in USA and India, the underlying idea behind this is to see the process through which arbitration came into being and how the old is the law and its due development in the respective countries. Part 2 explores the present arbitral laws in spark of The Federal Arbitral Act and The arbitrement and conciliation Act.Part 3 compares the laws and arbitral process in India with that of USA this part shows the similarity and distinction of the laws in both the countries and also highlights the common meeting smirch of both the laws.HISTORY OF ARBITRATION LAW IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICANative Americans used arbitration as a federal agency of resolving disputes within and between tribes long before Europeans journeyed to Americas A tlantic shores.However the use of arbitration was introduced in America by the revolutionary war by the colonists who had had pedigree experience in Europe. The use of arbitration in the ports of Europe was already known at that time among maritime and trade parentagees. The experience of arbitrationas a means of dispute resolution which lessen conict and allowed continuation of the business relationship was brought to Atlantic by the people coming to live and lead in North America. In England, arbitration is a much older concept than the common law system, which the United States courts later adopted.In fact, in England arbitration was used as a common means of commercial dispute resolution from as long as 1224. George Washington, the first President of USA compound an arbitration clause in his will that basically stated that, if any dispute should arise over the wording of the document that a panel of three arbitrators would be implemented to render a lowest and binding dec ision to resolve the dispute. In the rst decade of the 20th Century, several major trade groups use arbitration benets of simplicity, speed and minimal enmity.When New Yorks The Association of Food Distributors, Inc. (originally known as the desiccated Fruit Association of New York) was formed, its bylaws included an arbitration panel for the resolution of disputes. This was done to reduce the riskiness that its disagreeing members in case of any dispute and after its closing would find ,themselves unable to resume their business relationship.1 Until the early 1920s, the only law governing arbitration proceedings in the United States came from court decisions, both(prenominal) dating made in the cases in17th and 18th Centuries. In 1925, The Federal arbitrement Act was enacted.It was a wisdom of the several benets of arbitration and it thereby established a national policy which promoted arbitration.It was initially designed to batter the judicial hostility that was existing tow ards arbitration which had evolved from the English courts. With the increasing industrialization and growth and development the hesitation of people to adopt arbitration decreased. With the rise in number of disputes mainly involving a transaction of business AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION was established by Moses Grossman in 1926 and an era of Alternate Dispute resolving was started by Charles Bernheimer2 .The National Labour Realtion Act passed in 1930 marked the a steep rise in the concept and usage of Arbitration in USA. The second woeld war was the turning point for arbitration law in America the economic depression and arising conflict led to more and more dispute settlement by means of arbitration by the War Labour Board.A major milestone regarding Arbitration Law was Achieved in the 1970 when when the Uniform Convention on theRecognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (The New York Convention)3 became law in the United States by the addition of Chapter 2 t o the Federal Arbitration Act.This convention is still impressive and provides for International Arbitration Awards which is considered to be more reliable and consistent than the existing court judgement model in the country.BibliographyLINKS REFERREDAlternative dispute resolution Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Development and Practice of Arbitration in India Has It Evolved as an Effective Legal Institution? CDDRL www.uniformlaws.org/shared/docs/arbitration/arbpswr.pdfwww.kaplegal.com/upload/pdf/arbitration-law-india-critical-analysis.pdf www.williamwpark.com/documents/Arbitral legal power IALR.pdf Conflict resolution research Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia www.utexas.edu/law/centers/cppdr/portfolio/2010 Symposium/Stipanowich New Litigation Final.pdf www.kaplegal.com/upload/pdf/arbitration-law-india-critical-analysis.pdf unctad.org/en/Docs/edmmisc232add38_en.pdfSTATUTES REFRREDThe Abitration and expiation Act 1996The Federal Arbitration Act 1925United States Arbitration A ctThe Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1940

Justice and Legality in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Justice and Legality in Shakespe atomic number 18s cadency for Measure EssayIn this brief paper, legality will be taken to mean as doing what the written legalitys or received customs require. On the other hand, erectice refers to doing for any soul what is fitting and proper for that person. Often dubbed as a dark comedy, Measure for Measure is comprised of char flakeers that are confronted with clean dilemmas. The characters that will be analyzed found on the legality and justness of their actions are the Duke, Angelo, and Isabella. These three characters are interrelated in the sense that their actions reckon the other characters in the tactic. This makes the plot complex just like in most plays of Shakespeare.Also, non yet does Measure for Measure abound with intrigue and revelation but also with pertinent questions on freedom, sexuality, morality, and the Law. Hence, a reading of the characters necessitates an understanding of the questions the play raises. Aft er analyzing the characters actions, the concluding part will look into the link amidst legality and justice. As I will argue, legality and justice are not one and the similar. Rather, they are relational instances that are apparent in the actions of the characters. The play opens with the Duke assigning his role as leader of capital of Austria to Angelo.Angelo tried to decline at first yet the Duke was firm in his order. At the offset, one whitethorn immediately judge whether the act of the Duke and Angelo is just and/or legal. As the formal ruler of Vienna, the Duke institutes up temporarily his mandate to Angelo. One may wonder what could be more important and urgent for the Duke than rule the consentient of Vienna. By leaving his job as ruler, it may appear that the Dukes act is illegal. However, if we understand the Dukes action in the context of monarchy, what he did was not illegal for the precise reason that he embodies the righteousness itself.Whatever the Duke says o r wishes to do is considered the Law. On the part of Angelo, his obedience to the Dukes order is lawful as it is his role to follow whatever the latter asks him to do. We then learn that with his new position as Duke, Angelo implements rigorously the already existing law against fornication. We can confer from the beginning part of the play that Angelo complies fondly with the moral law. This caused Claudio to be imprisoned for impregnating Juliet, his l everywhere, even though the sexual intercourse was consensual. In the following scene, the character of Isabella appears.As a morally uptight person and a loving sister of Claudio, Isabella begged Angelo to release his brother from prison. Angelo promised to battle array mercy unless if Isabella sleeps with him. Shocked and disgusted, Isabella refused. In this scene, we come to know the hypocrisy of Angelo with regard to the moral law he imposes to the people. He bans illicit sexual activities yet he himself asks Isabella to sleep with him. Angelos actions are therefrom illegal. In relation to Isabella, Angelo is being unjust since what he is asking of Isabella is not fitting for someone who is just about to enter the nunnery and serve God.The dilemma faced by Isabella whether or not sleep with Angelo so as to save Claudio is intriguing for it involves two virtues that must be upheld by a religious adult female as herself. One virtue is chastity, of not giving up to the sexual condition of Angelo. On the other hand, she is also required to fight for the release of his innocent brother who was unfairly imprisoned. In the end, Isabella chose chastity over Claudio. By declining the sexual condition of Angelo, Isabella is being legal in the context of the moral law. Her excerption not to sleep with Angelo attests to her determination to remain a virgin for God.However, the other side of the coin consists of her unjust act to leave his brother in prison. When the Duke, as a friar, intervenes to assistant Is abella, his plan was to trap Angelo so his only choice would be to release Claudio. In the Dukes plan, Isabella will seduce Angelo to sleep with her. The moment Angelo takes the bait, Isabella would give up her place to Mariana who is Angelos former lover. By unwittingly sleeping with Mariana, Angelo would thus prove wrong of sexual immorality and would later on be forced to release Claudio.The plan, however, did not entirely take after because after sleeping with Mariana, Angelo did not order the release of Claudio. By helping Isabella, the Duke who is pretending as a friar, was in event being just in a sense that he is trying to help in the release of Claudio. Meanwhile, Angelo resolute stand not to release Claudio is illegal since he is in point the one who truly committed a prohibited sexual act. If he is really staunch in disciplining the people then Angelo must put his own self in jail. The end part of the play consists of the Dukes return as the ruler of Vienna.With his p ower over the people, the Duke was able to make everyone confess their wrongdoings. Angelo last admitted his misdeeds and Claudio was released from prison. The Duke then asks Isabella to marry him. The final scene exhibited the just and legal act of the Duke to release the innocent and adapt the wrong. Angelos confession can be seen as just since he is committing what is proper to a person like himself. It can also be read as legal since his confession complies with the order of the Duke. Isabella, on the other hand, was just in the sense that she still pursued the issue of his brothers release.Her choice to marry the Duke, if ever she does, will be legal as it is form of obedience to their ruler. Based from the characters actions, we may say that legality and justice are two different instances. The reason for being such is the fact that they are grounded on two different frameworks. Legality is found on the written law that is invoked in order to judge a particular action of a character. On the other hand, justice is based on the individual(prenominal) opinion of the characters that is used for the evaluation of certain actions.However, after probing into the actions of the characters, we see that their personal opinions are in fact strongly influenced by the established moral law. For instance, Isabellas choice not to sleep with Angelo, although personal, is rooted in the moral law that dictates to have illicit sex is sinful. Along the same vein, Angelos seeming personal choice to confess depends heavily on the order imposed by the Duke. The boundary therefore between the personal and the outside basis for judgment is diluted. Thus, in the context of Measure for Measure, justice is subsumed into the realm of legality without necessarily being reduced to it.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks EssayAbstract Starbucks opened its first location in Seattles expressway Place Market in 1971. Now Chairman Howard Schultz joined Starbucks in 1982 as Director of Marketing. Schultz palavered Italy and notice the popularity of espresso bars there. He thought this would be a colossal stem in the Seattle area and confident(p) Starbucks to open a coffee shop in downtown. Schultz founded his own coffee caller-up and acquired Starbucks name and assets from its founders in 1987. The company had just 17 stores but would soon grow quickly and went public in 1992. Starbucks popularity soared as it opened coffee shops within Barnes and Noble bookstores. It also provided coffee for United Airlines and shops in Starwood hotels. The companys focus on quality and commitment to social causes and the community have do it one of the worlds most admired businesses. Starbucks made the cutting-edge step of having its second Corporate Social Responsibility Annual Report ve rified by an outside auditor, so readers can be assured the facts and figures it presents are accurate.One of the revealing statistics in the underwrite is that Starbucks purchased 74 percent of its green coffee at outright negotiated prices, independent of depressed commodity prices in 2002, up from just 12 percent in 2001. Starbucks also paid an average of $1. 20 per lumber at a magazine when coffee was trading on the commodity market for $. 40 to $. 50 per pound. The end result higher income for husbandmans, which translates to a better quality of life for farmers. Introduction Starbucks began 36 age ago as a single store in Seattles Pikes Place Market, and today is the worlds leading retailer, roaster and dishonor of specialty coffee.The company has experienced extraordinary growth its number of stores has more than doubled in the onetime(prenominal) ten years, with close to 6,000 coffeehouses in over 27 international markets. More than 19 million customers visit a Starbuc ks coffeehouse individually week. When Starbucks considered its ambitious expansion plans for Europe, the Middle East and Africa, executives knew that the location they chose for their new cook plant and support centre would be critical to their success. In fact, the decision was so important that the company spent close to triplet years looking at various sites across Europe and the worldwide market.Main discussion 1. Starbucks crossings emulous priorities As we know the competitive priorities is operating advantages that a firms processes must possess to outperform its competitors. In this part, we are going to define each possible competitive priorities of Starbucks for operation process as price, quality, time and flexibility Cost Market indicators guide a potential release for the entire coffee industry as a whole, namely the rising slope cost of coffee beans and farmers tendency to switch to other profitable crops. First, rising cost means lower profit margins.Second , the fact that farmers are switching to more moneymaking(a) crops such as vegetables, fruits, and even illegal crops foreshadows the scarce supply of coffee beans. Hopefully Starbucks competitive prices for its coffee subcontractors are lucrative enough to retain and deter its suppliers away from abandoning the coffee production. Economic trends should not influence.Starbucks pricing strategy greatly, because foodie coffee, or any other coffee, is measured on quality and availability, and not so much on price. Furthermore, in times of economic downturn, the business is actually performing better, since people are fixated on the idea that if we cannot afford something as grandeur as a new car, then at least we would dainty ourselves to a nice cup of coffee. Hence, economic trends should not greatly influence the performance of coffee sales. lumber -high performance design for quality control, Starbucks has a specialized process for roasting the perfect coffee bean. It is employ with the roaster determining by sight, smell, hearing, and computer, if the beans are perfectly done.Additionally, the colour of the beans is tested in an Agtron blood-cell analyzer. If the sample is deemed imperfect in any of these processes, the whole batch is discarded. Starbucks departmental systems are organized into functional and production divisions such as Supply Chain Operations, Human Resources, Accounting, etc Starbucks employs approximately 15,000 individuals to operate its retail stores and regional offices, and 1,600 individuals to work on administrative, sales, genuine estate, direct response, roasting, and warehousing operations.-consistent quality measurement of quality products and services that keep customers retention. Its competitive strategy is to rapidly spread to a market and dominate it completely before moving on. In the process, it hopes that these rapid expansions would create a higher parapet to entry, discourage competitors from expanding, and event ually acquires weak competitors who wants to exit. Time three competitive priorities deal with time fast delivery time, on-time delivery and development speed.-fast delivery time starbucks saves costumers time by offering self-service to the costumers. -On-time, delivery by processing orders in efficient time, which guarantees no costumer delay on service. -development speed starbucks consumers have tried its product, but not finished advertisement, but with promotions such as gifts introducing new products to the market. Flexibility the customization of starbucks has the ability to satisfy the peculiar needs of costumers by ever-changing products and services designs.Starbucks volume flexibility is accelerating the rate of production quickly to handle large fluctuation in demand because of the unique service to the costumers. 2. Starbucks critical summary, services and manufacturing strategies In order to identify the critical analysis of the company services and manufacturing strategies we will start analysing the corporate strategy as it follows Goals The Companys goal is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world.To achieve this goal, the Company plans to continue to rapidly expand its retail operations, grow its specialty sales and other operations, and selectively pursue opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new distribution channels. , as well as -Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. Embrace diversity as an all-important(a) component in the way we do business. Apply the highest standards to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. Core competencies starbucks considers the unique resources an d strengths when formulating strategy as workforce, facilities, market and financial, and system and technology as they follow Culture and employees who support set and missions of the organization, who have a stake in the performance of the company. ? Market domination in the U.S, allowing economies of scale, creating high barrier to entry, and impeding competitors growth incentive. ? Sufficient return on equity, which means proper management of companys resources Low suppliers and customers power, and low influence from economic trends Quality product and customer service, established brand name Environmental responses ?Economics Trends Market indicators shows a potential trouble for the entire coffee industry as a whole, namely the rising cost of coffee beans and farmers tendency to switch to other profitable crops. First, rising.

A Preprocessing Framework for Underwater Image Denoising Essay Example for Free

A Preprocessing Framework for submerged Image Denoising EssayAbstractA major obstacle to submerged operations using cameras comes from the lite immersion and scattering by the marine environment, which limits the visibility outperform up to a few meters in coastal waters. The preprocessing methods concentrate on severalise equalization to deal with nonuniform flickering caused by the hind end scattering. Some adaptive smoothing methods like eolotropic get throughing as a lengthy enumeration time and the occurrence that diffusion constants must be manually tuned, wavelet filtering is faster and automatic. An adaptive smoothing method helps to address the stay sources of noise and can significantly improve edge detection. In the proposed approach, wavelet filtering method is used in which the diffusion constant is tuned automatically. Keywords underwater estimate, preprocessing, edge detection, wavelet filtering, denoising.I. INTRODUCTIONThe underwater juts usually su ffers from non-uniform punk, low contrast, obscure and diminished colorizes. A few problems pertaining to underwater human bodys are light absorption and the inherent structure of the sea, and as well as the fixs of colour in underwater images. Reflection of the light varies greatly depending on the structure of the sea. some other main concern is related to the water that bends the light either to make crinkle patterns or to diffuse it. Most importantly, the quality of the water controls and influences the filtering properties of the water such as sprinkle of the dust in water. The reflected amount of lightis partly polarised horizontally and partly enters the water vertically. Light attenuation limits the visibility distance at about twenty meters in clear water and five meters or less in enigmatical water. Forward scattering mostly get hold ofs to blur of the image features, backscattering generally limits the contrast of the images. The amount of light is inflictd whe n we go deeper, colors drop murder depending on their wavelengths. The blue color travels across the durable in the water due to its shortestwavelength. Current preprocessing methods typically only concentrate on local contrast equalization in order to deal with the nonuniform lighting caused by the back scattering.II. UNDERWATER adulterationA major difficulty to process underwater images comes from light attenuation. Light attenuation limits the visibility distance, at about twenty meters in clear water and five meters or less in turbid water. The light attenuation process is caused by the absorption (which removes light energy) and scattering (which changes the direction of light path). immersion and scattering effects are due to the water itself and to other components such as dissolved organic fertiliser matter or elflike observable floating particles. Dealing with this difficulty, underwater imaging faces to many problems outset the rapid attenuation of light requires at taching a light source to the vehicle providing the necessary lighting.Unfortunately, artificial lights dress to illuminate the mental picture in a non uniform fashion producing a aglitter(predicate) spot in the center of the image and poorly illuminated area surrounding. Then the distance between the camera and the scene usually induced prominent blue or green color (the wavelength corresponding to the red color disappears in only few meters). Then, the floating particles highly variable in kind and concentration, increase absorption and scattering effects they blur image features (forward scattering), modify colors and produce bright artifacts known as marine snow. At last the non stability of theunderwater vehicle affects once again imagecontrast.To test the accuracy of the preprocessing algorithms, three steps are followed.1) First an original image is converted into colourizescale image. 2) endorse salt and bombard noise added to the grayscale image. 3) Third wavelet filt ering is applied to denoise the image. Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which in the context of computer imaging are images with only the two colors, black, and white. Grayscale images ingest many shades of gray in between. Grayscale images are also called monochromatic, denoting the presence of only one (mono) color (chrome). Grayscale images are practically the conclusion of measuring the intensity of light at all(prenominal) pixel in a single anchor ring of the electromagnetic spectrum and in such cases they are monochromatic proper when only a given frequency is captured. Salt and pepper noise is a form of noise typically seen on images. It represents itself as haphazardly occurring white and blackpixels. An image containing salt-and-pepper noise leave have dark pixels in bright regions and bright pixels in dark regions. This type of noise can be caused by analog-to-digital converter errors, bit errors in transmission. Wavelet f iltering gives very good results analysed to other denoising methods because, unlike other methods, it does not fasten on that the coefficients are independent.III. A PREPROCESSING ALGORITHMThe algorithm proposed corrects each underwater perturbations sequentially.addressed in the algorithm. However, contrast equalization also corrects the effect of the exponential light attenuation with distance.B. Bilateral FilteringBilateral filtering smooth the images while preserving edges by means of a nonlinear combination of nearby image values. The idea underlying bilateral filtering is to do in the range of an image what traditional filters do in its domain. Two pixels can close to one another, occupy nearby spatial location (i.e) have nearby values. Closeness refers to vicinity in the domain, similarity to vicinity in the range. Traditional filtering is a domain filtering, and enforces closeness by weighing pixel values with coefficients that fall off with distance. The range filtering, this averages image values with weights that decay with dissimilarity. Range filters are nonlinear because their weights depend on image intensity or color. Computationally, they are no more complex than old-hat nonseparablefilters. So the combination of two domain and range filtering is known as bilateral filtering.A. Contrast equalizationContrast stretching often called normalization is a simple image enhancement technique that attempts to improve the contrast in an image by stretching the range of intensity values. numerous well-known techniques are known to help correcting the lighting disparities in underwater images. As the contrast is non uniform, a global color histogram equalization of the image will not suffice and local methods must be considered. Among all the methods they reviewed, Garcia, Nicosevici and Cufi 2 constated the empirical best results of the illuminationreflectance model on underwater images. The low-pass version of the image is typically computed with a Gaussian filter having a large standard deviation. This method is theoretically relevant backscattering, which is responsible for most of the contrast disparities, is indeed a slowly alter spatial function. Backscattering is the predominant noise, hence it is sensible for it to be the first noiseAnisotropic filteringAnisotropic filter is used to smoothing the image. Anisotropic filtering allows us to simplify image features to improve image segmentation. This filter smooths the image in homogeneous area but preserves edges and enhance them. It is used to smooth textures and reduce artifacts by deleting weakened edges amplified by homomorphic filtering. This filter removes or attenuates unwanted artifacts andremaining noise. The anisotropic diffusion algorithm is used to reduce noise and prepare the segmentation step. It allows to smooth image in homogeneous areas but it preserves and til now enhances the edges in the image.Here the algorithm follow which is proposed by Perona a nd Malik 5. This algorithm is automatic so it uses constant contestations selected manually. The previous step of wavelet filtering is very important to obtain good results with anisotropic filtering. It is the association of wavelet filtering and anisotropic filtering which gives such results. Anisotropic algorithm isusually used as long as result is not satisfactory. In our case few times only loop set to constant value, to preserve a short computation time.For this denoising filter choose a nearly symmetric orthogonal wavelet bases with a bivariate shrinkage exploiting interscale dependency. Wavelet filtering gives very good results compared to other denoising methods because, unlike other methods, it does not assume that the coefficients are independent. Indeed wavelet coefficients in natural image have significant dependencies. Moreover the computation time is very short.IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND EVALUATIONTo estimate the quality of reconstructed image, Mean square up fract ure and Peak Signal to kerfuffle Ratio are calculated for the original and the reconstructed images. slaying of different filters are tested by calculating the PSNR and MSE values. The size of the images taken is 256256 pixels. The Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are the two error metrics used to compare image compression quality. The MSE represents the cumulative squared error between the compressed and the original image, whereas PSNR represents a prize of the peak error. The lower the value of MSE, the lower the error. In Table 1, the original and reconstructed images are shown. In table 2, PSNR and MSE values are calculated for all underwater images. PSNR value obtained for denoised images is higher, when compare with salt and pepper noise added images. MSE value obtained for the denoised images has lower the error when compared with salt and pepper noise added images. eD. Wavelet filteringThresholding is a simple non-linear technique, which operates on one wavelet coefficient at a time. In its most basic form, each coefficient is thresholded by comparing against threshold, if the coefficient is smaller than threshold, set to zero otherwise it is kept or modified. Replacing the small noisy coefficients by zero and inverse wavelet transform on the result may lead to reconstruction with the essential signal characteristics and with the less noise. A simple denoising algorithm that uses the wavelet transform inhabit of the following three steps, (1) calculate the wavelettransform of the noisy image (2) Modify the noisy particular wavelet coefficients according to some rule (3) compute the inverse transform using the modified coefficients. Multiresolution decompositions have shown significant advantages in image denoising.best denoised image. In clearly, the comparisons of PSNR and MSE values are shown in design -1a and Fig -1b.V. CONCLUSIONIn this paper a novel underwater preprocessing algorithm is present. This algorit hm is automatic, requires noparameter adjustment and no a priori knowledge of the acquisition conditions. This is because functions evaluate their parameters or use pre-adjusted defaults values. This algorithm is fast. Many adjustments can still be done to improve the whole pre-processing algorithms. Inverse filtering gives good results but generally requires a priori knowledge on the environment. Filtering used in this paper needs no parameters adjustment so it can be used systematically on underwater images before every pre-processing algorithms.REFERENCES1 Arnold-Bos, J. P. Malkasse and Gilles Kervern,(2005) Towards a model-free denoising of underwater optical image, IEEE OCEANS 05 EUROPE,Vol.1, pp.234256. 2 Caefer, Charlene E. Silverman, Jerry. Mooney,JonathanM,(2000) Optimisation of point target tracking filters. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., pages 15-25. 3 R. Garcia, T. Nicosevici, and X. Cufi. (2002) On the way to solve lighting problems in underwater imaging. In proce eding of the IEEE Oceans 2002, pages 10181024. 4 James C. Church, Yixin Chen, and Stephen V., (2008) A Spatial Median Filter for Noise Removal in Digital Images, page(s)618 623. 45 Jenny Rajan and M.R Kaimal., (2006) Image Denoising Using Wavelet Embedded anisotropic dispersion, Appeared in the Proceedings of IEEE InternationalConference on Visual Information Engineering, page(s) 589 593. 6 Z. Liu, Y. Yu, K. Zhang, and H. Huang.,(2001) Underwater image transmission and blurred image restoration. SPIE Journal of Optical Engineering, 40(6)11251131. 7 P. Perona and J.Malik, (1990) Scale space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion, IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, pp.629-639. 8 Schechner, Y and Karpel, N., (2004) Clear Underwater Vision. Proceedings of the IEEE CVPR, Vol. 1, pp. 536-543. 9 Stephane Bazeille, Isabelle, Luc jaulin and Jean-Phillipe Malkasse, (2006) Automatic Underwater image PreProcessing, cmm06 characterisation du milieu marine page(s ) 16-19. 10 Yongjian Yu and Scott T. Acton, (2002) Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, page(s) 1260-1270, No. 11, Vol.11.

Law Revision Kit Certified Public Accountants Essay Example for Free

truth Revision Kit Certified Public Accountants EssayALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in either take a leak or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the right of first publication owner. This publication may not be lent, resold, hired or otherwise disposed of by any way of trade without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. THE REGISTERED TRUSTEES STRATHMORE EDUCATION TRUST 1992INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTSThis conceive guide is intended to assist Distance skill students in their independent studies. The course has been broken bug out into eight lessons each of which should be considered as approximately one week of study for a full phase of the moon time student. Solve the reinforcement problems verifying your answer with the suggested solution contained at the back of the distance tuition pack. When the les son is completed, repeat the same procedure for each of the following lessons.At the end of lessons 2, 4, 6 and 8 at that place is a comprehensive assignment that you should complete and submit for marking to the Distance Learning administrator.SUBMISSION mathematical function1.After you have completed a comprehensive assignment clearly identify each fountainhead and consequence your pages.2.If you do not understand a portion of the course content or an assignment question indicate this in your answer so that your marker can respond to your problem areas. Be as specific as possible.3.Arrange the order of your pages by question number and fix them securely to the data carpenters plane provided. Adequate postage must be affixed to the envelope.4.While waiting for your assignment to be marked and returned to you, pass to work through the next two lessons and the corresponding reinforcement problems and comprehensive assignment.On the completion of the hold comprehensive assignme nt, a two-week period of revision should be carried out of the whole course using the veridical in the revision section of the study pack. At the completion of this period, the final Mock Examination musical theme should be completed under examination conditions. This should be sent to the Distance Learning Administrator to sire in Nairobi at least five weeks before the date of your sitting the KASNEB Examinations. This paper ordain be marked and posted back to you within two weeks of receipt by the Distance Learning Administrator.ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe gratefully acknowledge permission to quote from the past examination papers of the following bodies Kenya Accountants and Secretaries national Examination Board (KASNEB) Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) Chartered Association of Certified Accountants (ACCA).

Use of Ace Inhibitors for Treatment of Hypertension Essay Example for Free

do of Ace Inhibitors for Treatment of Hypertension EssayThe prevalence of high linage oblige glob exclusivelyy has sparked much research on medications and ways to cure it. Although there atomic number 18 varieties of medications available in the market to control hypertension, there argon still none that bottom of the inning actually cure it. Until the time a drug to cure hypertension emerges, hypertension will be controlled by the intention of antihypertensive drug drug drugs.Among the few well known classes of antihypertensive drugs is a group of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or wholeness inhibitors. champion inhibitors be a fairly recent addition to the antihypertensive drug class and have been widely utilize since then due to its some(prenominal) potential benefits. ACE inhibitors are indicated for many conditions which embarrass hypertension, taproom and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, and pr yettion of nephropathy in diabetes mellitus . When used in hypertension, it is done so in combination with diuretics with fairly easily results. (Merck, 2003) The use of ACE inhibitors is especially useful for congestive intent failure patients. Therefore, it is indicated in cases where hypertension exists in correlational statistics with congestive heart failure. There has been a significant decrease in the overall morbidity and death rate rates of patients crucifixion from both(prenominal) the conditions when using ACE inhibitors. The mode of action of these drugs is many fold, and for that reason rattling effective in the treatment of hypertension. For instance, it acts on the vascular system to reduce vascular pressure, which allows for less arterial pressure, combined with more venous capacity, thus immediately reducing the melodic phrase pressure. Along billet, it increases cardiac output and cardiac index and stroke volume. The principal(prenominal) function of the ACE inhibitors, however, is the inhibition of the ACE enzyme, which is responsible for increased vascular pressure, ventricular remodeling, production of aldosterone and vasopressin respectively. (Katzung, 2004) Such drugs however, require careful sexually transmitted disease regimes based on massive studying of the case, as there are many side do associated with these drugs. The most common of these include hypotension, due to the vasodilator effect of the drugs.(Merck, 2003) The second most common problem is the development of persistent cough up in such patients, which leads to reduction in patient compliance. The bid and tid dosage regimes too reduce the patients compliance. collectable to its renal do, ACE inhibitors must be used carefully in cases where damage to the kidney is expected or the kidneys are functionally impaired. For example, in patients with renal artery stenosis, the use of these drugs can lead to renal harm. The prevention of release of aldosterone caused by these drugs impairs excretion of potass ium in the body, which can lead to hyperkalemia. Increased levels can also lead to the development of angioedema, which can be life threatening. ACE inhibitors are also contraindicated in patients who are pregnant as it is teratogenic in nature. (Kaplan and Rose, 2007) Due to the mode of activity of these drugs, the ACE inhibitors become contraindicated in cases of history of angioedemas or renal artery stenosis, compromised renal functioning capacities, aortic valve stenosis and in patients suffering from hypovolumia. (Klabunde, 2007) Many drugs now belong to this category, however, the paper will discuss three of these, captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. captopril main mode of action lies in the suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. By inhibiting the ACE inhibitor, angiotensin I is prevented from converting into angiotensin II. Captopril enjoys universal attention due to the fact that it is the first ACE inhibitor introduced. Its mode of action and its effect were considered a break through with(predicate) at the time of its conception. Its action is two fold. Firstly, it helps in dilating the vessels, thereby helping reduce blood pressure. Secondly, it has shown very good performance in the cases of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. And thirdly, it has shown good results in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. (www.rxlist.com) There is very little difference in the working of all the ACE drugs, however, captopril differs in this respect due to its shorter duration of action and increased chances of adverse effects. This intensity of side effects potentiated further research, the result of which was the introduction of enalapril in the market, and still further drugs subsequently. Regardless of the drug, the ACE inhibitors generally take several weeks of politics to give full effectiveness and results. When used with thiazide diuretics, the results achieved are even more.(Merck, 2003) Captopril is administered one minute of arc before meals to achieve maximum peak volume concentration, which is reached within an hour of ingestion of drug. Initial dosage may be as low as 25 mg bid or tid, and gradually can be increased to double drug bid or tid. The addition of thiazide diuretics is usually carried out when using captopril alone(predicate) at 50 mg alone does not sufficiently control blood pressure.(Katzung, 2004) This range can be increased to 150 mg per day, provided the use of a thiazide diuretic is also carried out.The giving medication of drug results in the lowering of blood pressure within one hour. Renal blood flow is increased however, the GFR remains unchanged. When used with digitalis, captopril shows good efficacy in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Its use has been very favorable in patients who had previously suffered from myocardial infarction, or those with left ventricular dysfunction. In case of LVD and CHF or MI, the usual starting dose is 50 mg target dose. (K aplan and Rose, 2007) Captopril has shown to increase the risk of developing neutropenia and agranulocytosis and therefore, full blood picture is mandatory for patients using captopril for a prolonged period. Also, since mode of elimination from the body is through the kidneys, the use of captopril becomes contraindicated or at least under observation in cases of renal impairment or dysfunction. (Katzung, 2004) Enalapril is the second drug introduced in the ACE inhibitor series. The main reason for its production was to crush out the problems seen with the use of captopril. As in captopril, the drug utilizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Production of enalapril involved changing the molecular typography of captopril, and therefore, the final result was the first dicarboxylate- containing ACE inhibitor, or enalaprilat. However, this modification limited the use of this drug as intravenous injection only. Further modifications in this structure led to the oral form by th e get enalapril. (www.rxlist.com) Enalapril works by converting itself through hydrolysis into enalaprilat in the body. Enalaprilat then inhibits the ACE enzyme. The peak serum levels are reached within an hour of administration of the drug. As opposed to captopril, enalapril absorption is independent of gastric contents rather it is dependant on the urinary recovery. In hypertensive patients, the dosage of enalapril results in both resupine and standing but not orthostatic hypotension. This effect is not seen in case of captopril.The antihypertensive activity becomes visible within one hour of administration of the drug. This effect then remains for most 24 hours. Similar to captopril, enalapril shows improved hypertensive control when administered with a thiazide diuretic. it is also indicated for cases suffering from heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. (Kaplan and Rose, 2007) Unlike captopril, which can be administered simultaneously with a preceding diuretic, enalapril can only be started after cessation of the diuretic after two to three days. This is immanent to minimize the risk of developing hypotension. If this is not possible a test dose of 2.5 mg is condition for at least two hours under observation, and the drug administered accordingly. The usual dosage regime may alter from 10 to 40 mg per day, and that is if the patient is not on a diuretic. Dose adjustment becomes prerequisite for patients who have impaired renal function, which may require reduction of the dose to almost one-half of the comely 5 mg. this dosage is amenable to changes based on the blood pressure response seen. (www.rxlist.com) Enalapril is extremely favored over captopril as it has lesser side effects than its predecessor. It has a well acceptance response, and the adverse effects are very mild in nature. Patients may complain of fatigue, asthenia, diarrhea and nausea, concern and dizziness, cough and skin rash. These symptoms can be present with varying degrees according to the reason why the drug is being administered. For example in heart cases, it can also lead to syncope symptoms and some differences in the special sensory perceptions.Angioedema is perhaps the most serious side effect of enalapril, with severity seen more in blacks than in non-black populations. This can be very fatal should laryngeal angioedema ensue. Initial doses can lead to make pass of blood pressure and hypotension, which must be monitored very closely. Hyperkalemia, increase in blood urea atomic number 7 and serum creatinin levels, and decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin can also be seen. Liver enzymes can also become elevated. (Merck manual, 2003) The effects of enalapril were much improved and effective with lesser side effects when compared to captopril, however, the speed of effect was still high in the case of captopril. The third drug to get introduced in the series of ACE inhibitors became lisinopril. The drug was important as it was the first hydrophilic ACE inhibitor introduces, with lengthy half life and penetration in the tissue. The drug remains the same even after excretion from the body, and is indicated for all the conditions mentioned above for which ACE inhibitors are introduced. While captopril and enalapril were made for bid and tid dosages, lisinopril, due to its longer half life, is generally administered once a day, helping aid patient compliance. The mode of action is mistakable to its sister drugs, that is the drug acts by inhibiting the ACE enzyme. The peak serum concentration of this drug however, is reached after 7 hours, compared to one hour of both captopril and enalapril. When used for hypertension, it results in the reduction of both standing and supine hypertension, with no compensatory tachycardia(Rx list, 2007) The dosage of lisinopril is given according to the drug history of the patient. Patients with no use of diuretics are given 10 mg per day as initial dose. This can be incr eased from 20 to 40 mg as the case may need. In diuretic using patients, the protocol for the administration of lisinopril is the same as for enalapril. The diuretic is stopped two to three days prior to the administration of lisinopril, and observed for signs of hypotension.Dosage is then adjusted according to the body response of the patient. This drug should not be given along with any potassium supplements as it can lead to hyperkalemia. Renal status similarly, addresses the dosage of the drug, with 10 mg as standard for normal kidney function, 5 mg for moderate to severe renal impairment, and 2.5 mg or so for dialysis patients after proper observation and blood pressure response. (Klabubde, 2007) Side effects of lisinopril are not so different from the side effects seen in the case of enalapril and captopril. However, cough becomes the primary side effect of this drug along with fatigue and asthenia etc. In all cases of ACE inhibitors, the side effects must be monitored closely and managed accordingly should the need arise. (ACE Inhibitors, 2004) In conclusion, the introduction of ACE inhibitors has been a welcome addition in the antihypertensive drug family and is now used widely due to its excellent prognosis in patients with concurrent heart conditions. Its use with thiazide diuretics has been widely document and further studies will help in the introduction of much improved brands of ACE inhibitors.ReferencesACE inhibitor drugs. place last accessed on August 5, 2007 from www.rxlist.comACE inhibitors, 2004. Site last accessed on August 5, 2007 from http//www.chfpatients.com/ace_old.htmNorman A Kaplan and Burton D Rose, 2007. ACE inhibitors in the Treatment of Hypertension. Site last accessed on August 5, 2007 from http//patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=hyperten/101071Richard E. Klabunde, 2007. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Site last accessed on August 5, 2007 from http//cvpharmacology.com/vasodilator/ACE.htmBertram G. Katzung, 2004. B asic and Clinical Pharmacology, ninth edition.The Merck manual of arms of Medical Information. Second Home Edition. Section III, Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders.

Rooms Division Operation Plan Essay Example for Free

Rooms Division Operation Plan proveThe rooms incision comprises the compute office, reservations, bell good, concierge, housekeeping, laundry including health and recreation. (NZQA 2005) Since the dawdle ope accounts as a profuse-fledged 4-star category, the reservations, bell service and concierge argon made dissipate sections from the battlefront office and the laundry is made separate from the housekeeping. As a resort, the rooms division extends its scope to the facilities of surfing, spa, swimming pool, maintenance and gardens which are particular(a)ized locomotes are under the Health and Recreation subdivision. The next 12-month operation strategies for the Rooms Division exit guide to shoot down the weaknesses as determined in the SWOT analysis which are lack of league facilities and brush rooms, exalted employee turn-over, shortfall(a)s in planned maintenance activities and impart tenseness on full blast redesigning and refurbishment, upgrading the se rvice quality, augmenting commercialise research, enhancing service capacity and upgrading solicitude competencies. return Any service company, oddly hotels and resorts leave al slipway select to consider sufficiency of infrastructure and facilities.The quality of service exit always rely on these factors. (Gray 1992) Refurbishment give be necessary to achieve the resorts major strategies especially in the expanding upon of conference rooms and meeting rooms. The refurbishment program for the rooms division includes expansion of the ballroom which straight off becomes a grand ballroom that is breakable into 4 mini ballrooms to accommodate 100 to 150 persons per ballroom, spare 8 function rooms that can accommodate 50 persons and 10 meeting rooms with a capacity of 20 persons.This ordain encourage local markets to book more parties, meetings and conferences and the resort leave be able to accommodate to as much as 600 persons in one sitting at the alike cadence be flex ible enough to accommodate small groups. Because of this major move of the resort, some guestrooms will nonplus to be refurbished which are those to be included in the packaging of the conferences and meetings. The 214 guestroom are in resort motifs and there will open to be at least 40 guestrooms that will be redesigned to adjoin the conference package of the resort.It is expected that the conference and meetings engagement will generate the intended occupancy rate increase of 15% in the next year and the conducted increase in sales from the New Zealand and Asian markets. Aside from these more amenities will be supplied to the guestrooms as add-ons to increase occupancy rates peculiarly during off peak seasons along with refurbishments undergone in for the conference halls and meeting rooms.There will be cardinal (2) business centers to be set up beside the ballroom areas to facilitate easy access to communicating and impression requirements of the guests that are booked for the conferences and meetings. These business centers will be equipped with the latest IT facilities and state of the art communication systems that will answer to all types of needs of customers at all levels. These facilities are also expected to wreak to the income generated by the resort. Service Quality Since the resort saturate efforts to increase occupancy rates through massive promotional campaigns to be led by the resort Marketing Department.The rooms division will have its share of strategies and complementary efforts to upgrade the quality of service provided by the rooms division, oddly in the front desk, concierge, bell service and health and recreation departments which are the front liners of the resort. All round at the front line would be required to learn Japanese Nippongo, Chinese Mandarin and Italian which are the al most(prenominal) common language barriers as determined in the previous years. Aside from those, the supply had to correct their face communi cation skills.All staff of the division will have to undergo re-training and series of seminars on up(a) service quality. Butlers will be hired to provide special service to the guests at the VVIP suites. Flowers, chocolates, fruit baskets, marge bags, bathing suits and rubber sandals will be provided for the guests as promotional amenities. The image of the resort will depend on the excellent quality of service that the rooms division staff will provide the guests, as they enter the resort and eliminate the comforts of their rooms. (Branson 1998)Correspondingly, as a move to control the movement of customers, particularly those who will attend meetings, functions and parties, a separate route will be allocated for them, to protect the in-house guests from losing their privacy particularly those staying at the pool area. It is distinguished to consider always, the privacy and comfort of the guests in the resort. This is what customers look for in hotels and resorts and that they are willing to pay much for that. (Gray 1992) Entrance to the pool area will therefore be bound to in-house guests although other restaurant and party patrons may be allowed discretely.Market look intoWhile there is a Marketing Department that specially focuses on finding the clients and fortifying strategies to pass guests and bookings (Gray 1992), the Rooms Division provides its likeness move to market research. The early operations stage of the hotel will need the support of all the staff especially the ableise of the key people, like the Front use Manager, the Executive Housekeeper and the different managers of the other departments in the rooms division to help determine the hotels target customers, their profile and their needs as intimately as determine how the rooms division services can satisfy them.The division will plump for a strategic planning academic term to give inputs to market research. Here, the staff will give their expert ideas as to who the targeted clients are, where to find them, how the hotel can get them to book and most especially, how the hotel can satisfy them when they finally distort the hotel services. The integrated inputs will be submitted to the Marketing Department for integration to the marketing plan. (Lane 1998) Production Development A major weakness identified in the plan is the deficiencies in providing maintenance services especially in the guestrooms.Guest complaints received in the previous year mostly were pointing to unserviceable facilities like the hot and parky water, busted bulbs, defective appliances, and even clogged bathtubs. In any service company, maintenance is as principal(prenominal) as the other services provided. (Branson 1998) The divisions response to solve the problem would be to develop a maintenance preventive system that will require regular monitoring of facilities and assure that all is working well.Additional employees will be hired in the housekeeping department, those who alr eady possess technical foul skills in maintenance and engineering so that housekeeping department can immediately solve tike technical problems without waiting for the engineering police squad to respond. concern Competencies The resort has been bear upon by fast employee turn-over and this will be answered by package incentives programmed by the Human alternative Department.Aside from the capability building programs be conducted for the staff skills upgrading including teambuilding and set development, the rooms division will institutionalize a regular learning session among management, which includes supervisors, assistant managers, managers and the division manager to improve the management competencies and benchmark on top hat practices. Food and swallow Operation Plan The Food and Beverage Division comprises the FB Service and FB Production departments. FB Service will suppress all restaurants, bars and the banquet FB Production will cover the cold and hot kitchens, pastry and stewarding. each(prenominal) of these departments is most critical and will contribute significantly to the total make-over of the resort. . The next 12-month operation strategies will aim to overcome the weaknesses as determined in the SWOT analysis which are lack of conference facilities and meeting rooms, high employee turn-over and the resignation of the Head Chef, shortfalls in planned maintenance activities and will focus on full blast refurbishment, upgrading the service quality, augmenting market research, enhancing service capacity and upgrading management competencies. RefurbishmentIn determining the courses of satisfy to take, it is the SWOT that provides information on the focal concerns. (Branson 2002) Major problems identified in the SWOT were the lack of conference and meeting function areas. Management has decided to answer these needs and provide additional function areas. The focus of the Food and Beverage division on the refurbishment will be on the ad ditional kitchen and terminus facilities including kitchen fixtures, tools and equipment that will be put up specifically for the banquet areas. This will cater to the clients of the ballroom, conferences and meetings.The setting up of the banquet kitchen and storage beside the ballroom area will facilitate smooth and speedy transport of nutriment for the specific banquet clients. The kitchen and storage must be able to provide nutrient for thought for at most 1,200 persons, which is the maximum capacity of the ballroom, conference rooms and meeting rooms all together. The expansion of the banquet will encourage local markets to book more parties, meetings and conferences and the resort will be able to accommodate braggy groups at the same time be flexible enough to accommodate small groups.Likewise for the intellectual nourishment and beverage service, additional facilities, glassware, chinaware and silverware and other service tools and equipment will have to be procured for this purpose. Market Research The contribution of the food and beverage division to the over-all marketing strategy is the detailed identification of the targeted clients and how the resort will be able to satisfy them. (Cousins 2002) The general strategy of the resort for the next year is to improve food and beverage revenues through expansion of banquet services.The division will organize a special team of chefs and other banquet experts to study the preferred tastes of the target clients for the banquet and develop special menus that will greet to prospective engagers. Series of food tasting sessions will be done and this will be arrange with the resort PR department to invite media personalities and other influential people to promote the food and the service styles that are in store for the new resort image. Surveys may also be conducted to prospective companies and target groups to get their preferences in terms of service, food and the price.The team of FB leaders will hav e to find ways of developing menus that have lower cost so corresponding, lower prices will be offered to customers. This strategy intends to attract a wider margin of the market including those who would prefer practically priced menus and food and beverage package. Service Quality nonpareil of the possible causes of the fast turn-over of employees is the inability to cope with the demands of their jobs. Hotel work is not easy especially for those hired without skills.Employee mesh is very important in every move that the food and beverage division will undertake. (Gray 1992) The division will augment the activities conducted by the Human Resource department through coaching, mentoring and job rotation. This move will prepare next-in-line subordinates as alternates. The division will establish safety nets to protect the operation from being affected by employee absences or resignations. FB Managers and Chefs will work closely with the Human Resource Department to get the best and skilled people.Kitchen staff, particularly Chefs and other key positions like the Maitre-dHotel, Ice/Butter Carvers (Cousins 2002), will require special qualifications and ample experience. All staff will be trained on the company standard of values and service including the health aspect of food handling, aside from the specific skills training they will undergo. Simulation exercises and food and beverage tasting will have to be conducted to perfect the quality of food and beverages that will be served to guests.Special effort will have to be made to source for the Head Chef who will have to be provided special package incentives. Precautionary efforts will have to be made to retain baffling to find skilled employees, which will be of utmost concern, not only by the Human Resource Department but also the FB Manager who oversees the work of the Head Chef and down the line chefs. Special allegiance will have to be made by the Head Chef to be hired, whose role is very critical to the success of the resort business.Production Development The expansion of the division particularly in the additional function areas will need complementing augmentation in terms of resort warm bodies and systems to equally make the service fit to the customers. The division will be expecting customers who are not in house guests for the parties, conferences and other meeting, therefore senseless caution will have to be made by the staff, especially in charge guests to suspend losses for the restaurants.Procurement of supplies is critical in the production aspect. (Gray 1992) The key officers from the FB will have to be convoluted in the procurement as well as the design of the different kitchens and outlets. Their expertise will be needed for the sourcing and selection. All items to be procured will have to suit the standards set by the resort and the alter motifs of the FB outlets particularly the banquet functions.The resort will have will have to scan resources within rea ch and establish suppliers of hard to find facilities, supplies and ingredients. New technology on order taking and billing will be installed in all the food and beverage outlets. This is an on-line system that will centralize the billing and order taking to the computer which directly will generate summaries in the cashier. This computerization intends to systematize the accomplish and prevent errors in the manual communication of orders and computation of bills.It is noted that this problem has caused stress to many staff in the restaurants, specifically for the waiters and order takers who made significant errors in orders and billings. The computerization intends to minimize these problems. Enhanced Management Competencies The rate of turn-over is highest among the chefs for the past years. Chefs have varying expertise that is crucial to the resort and hard to find. The resort will have to create special package of incentives for the chefs to assure that they are satisfied with the jobs.Chefs as well as the other supervisors and managers of the food and beverage division are relied on in terms of their expertise as well as their management capabilities. Many of the supervisors and managers have technical skills but lack the necessary management competencies. (Cousins et. al. 2002) Stephen Covey emphasized in his Seven Habits of Highly Effective People his seventh habit, which is most important is the sharpening of the saw, which means, every person no matter how effective and efficient will need to improve himself continuously to stay relevant.The food and beverage division will coordinate with the Human Resource department to prepare and package capability programs for the division management staff particularly on people handling, time management and stress management. They will also have series of IT enhancement particularly in Microsoft Office programs so that they will be able to cope up with the computer-based reporting systems being installed in the resort. These moves commit to improve the relations within the division and improve employee relations.